Casablanca, the largest city in Morocco by far, assumes an indispensable role as the primary center of finance and culture in the country, and serves as a gateway to the entire African continent. Despite the city's construction mostly occurring during the French colonial period or following Morocco's attainment of independence, a small district named the "Casablanca Medina", predating the 15th century, is located in the area. The "Casablanca Medina", with its narrow passageways, dingy edifices, and raucous atmosphere, is unapologetically genuine, allowing observers a glimpse into a bygone era.
History of Casablanca
Casablanca, situated on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, has a rich and diverse history spanning over 2,000 years. It was originally founded in the 10th century BC as Anfa, a Berber port-town, and subsequently ruled by Phoenicians and Romans, who transformed it into a bustling trading hub. The city was then taken over by the Barghawata Berber tribes in 744 AD, who managed to hold onto it for over 300 years.
Throughout the centuries, Casablanca was coveted by numerous groups, including the notorious Barbary corsairs, who made it a haven for piracy in the western Mediterranean and North Atlantic. To quell this threat, the Portuguese destroyed Anfa and built a military fortress on the ruins. The town that developed around this fortress was named “Casa Branca,” meaning “white house” in Spanish, which eventually evolved into the current name, Casablanca.
After a massive earthquake in 1755 and several defeats by local tribes, the Portuguese left the region, and the then Sultan of Morocco, along with the Spaniards, rebuilt the Old Medina, which would later become the core of the sprawling metropolis. Under the Moroccan sultanate, the city was fortified with defensive walls and ramparts, which still exist today.
During French colonial rule in the 20th century, the city was expanded beyond its historic boundaries, with modern boulevards constructed outside the Medina’s walls. Today, Casablanca is the largest and most economically important city in Morocco.
Despite its cultural and historic significance, the Old Medina is often overlooked by travelers who view it as untidy, smelly, and unsafe. However, it is a worthy place to explore, providing a glimpse into Casablanca’s original character. Visitors can wander through narrow alleyways, admire traditional architecture, and sample local cuisine at vibrant markets.
In conclusion, Casablanca’s long and colorful history, from its origins as a Berber port-town to its modern-day status as a bustling metropolis, makes it a fascinating destination for travelers seeking a diverse cultural experience. While the city has undergone significant changes over the centuries, its Old Medina remains an important reminder of its past and is well worth a visit.
Exploring Casablanca Medina
The Medina of Casablanca may not be as popular as other Medinas in Morocco, but it is a unique and authentic experience that is worth exploring. Visitors should be aware that this historic district is not geared towards tourists, and the locals may regard visitors with suspicion. Therefore, it is recommended to ask for permission before taking photos of people or their property.
The Medina is the most densely populated part of the city, and its buildings are intricately decorated with blue painted walls, ornamented doors, wooden shades, and multiple cornices. The commerce in the Medina is mainly concentrated around several hectic chokepoints near the walls, where there are food stands selling a variety of items, including greengroceries, bakery treats, and seafood. Interestingly, the Medina is dotted with dozens of fountains, which are used by locals for washing their limbs, filling containers with drinking water, or even washing dishes.
Navigating the Medina can be challenging, as its layout is convoluted and its streets are narrow and often dead ends. Fast-moving motorcycles are the only means of transportation that can navigate through the narrow alleyways. Additionally, GPS navigation can be difficult, as many of the smaller streets are not properly mapped on different apps. The Medina spans from the northwest, near the Hassan II Mosque, to the southeast, near the Casa Port train station, with the central part sandwiched between Boulevard des Almohades and Boulevard Tahar El Alaoui.
Casablanca, the economic capital of Morocco, is a bustling city with a rich history and culture. From the Old Medina to the Quartier Habous, there is no shortage of places to explore and discover. Here are some top destinations to visit in Casablanca:
The Old Medina
This pre-20th-century city is frozen in time, with remnants of old city walls and forts still visible. The narrow alleyways have remained the same for hundreds of years and are now home to a bazaar where artisans sell leather goods, oils, linens, shoes, spices, and antiques passed down by their ancestors. Visitors can barter for reasonable prices or negotiate with vendors. The area is also dotted with outdoor cafes and smaller restaurants, where visitors can enjoy a coffee or tea while watching the locals go about their daily life.
Alpha 55
The only department store in Casablanca, is a seven-floor shopping paradise that offers a wide range of products at reasonable prices. From cosmetics and luggage to toys and sporting goods, visitors can find everything they need here. The top floor of the store features a restaurant open daily for lunch and dinner.
The Hassan II Mosque
The largest mosque in Morocco, is an awe-inspiring site that was completed in 1993. It is open to all Muslims at daily prayer times and for special services, while non-Muslims can take guided tours several times a day in different languages. The mosque's most remarkable feature, a glass-floor section above the sea, is prohibited to non-Muslim visitors, allowing royalty to kneel directly over the waters to pray.
Place Mohammed V
A monumental plaza in the heart of Medina, is a magnificent square surrounded by public buildings, including law courts, the governor’s office, and the bank al-Maghrib. Cobblestone bricks lead to a fantastic fountain display in the centre, which is lit up for special occasions. Visitors can also enjoy a day of shopping in this area.
Quartier Habous
Built by the French in the 1930s, combines modern French ideals with traditional Moroccan style, resulting in beautiful architecture and design. This miniature village is lined with shops and eateries, including traditional Moroccan clothing stores, book stores, open-air restaurants, and bakeries. Visitors can also find the famous Patisserie Bennis Habous sweet shop, which sells delicious, authentic Moroccan cakes.
Rick's Café
A recreation of the set of the 1942 movie Casablanca, is a film lover’s dream. Visitors can step back in time and into Rick Blaine’s café, complete with decor matching the era and a pianist playing music from the film. The restaurant serves a variety of Moroccan food and drink for lunch and dinner, but reservations and a sophisticated dress code are required.
The Loft Art Gallery
Opened in 2009 by two contemporary art professionals, aims to increase awareness of modern art in Arab countries. Funded by the Global Thinkers and Doers for the Arab World Association, the gallery supports both established and up-and-coming artists, including Farid Belkahia, Kim Bennani, and Amina Rezkias.
Oliveri
founded in 1950, is arguably the most famous ice cream shop in Casablanca. This family-owned business still uses traditional techniques to make its creamy, mouth-watering gelato and sorbet flavors. Visitors can expect affordable prices and kind-hearted staff, though queues may be long in the evenings.
Conclusion
In summary, the Medina of Casablanca offers a unique and authentic experience for visitors who are willing to explore its narrow alleys, food stands, and ornate buildings. Visitors should be respectful of the locals, be mindful of the fast-moving motorcycles, and be prepared to navigate the convoluted streets of this historic district.
